Titus Thorne

Last Updated April 13, 2023

Titus Thorne

 April 13, 2023

With the seemingly uncontrollable rise of obesity, researchers are increasingly wondering what adipotide dosage to use in their next experiment.

Adipotide is an experimental weight loss agent that targets and kills fat cells by reducing the blood supply they need for survival. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that adipotide can:

  • Induce weight loss 
  • Reduce appetite 
  • Boost insulin sensitivity 

In this educational guide, we break down the available evidence on this fat loss agent, and include an adipotide dosage calculator.

We also include our recommendation on where researchers may securely order adopotide online.

Buy Adipotide from our #1 recommended vendor...

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What is Adipotide?

Adipotide is an experimental peptide that has been studied for its potential to induce weight loss and improve glucose tolerance in research subjects [1, 2]. In the literature, it is often referred to as “prohibitin-targeting peptide 1” (prohibitin-TP01) and “Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide” (FTPP).

Researchers have observed adipotide to systemically target the endothelium of fat through a ligand-directed mechanism, thereby reducing the blood supply of white adipose tissue—the predominant fat found in the human body. Seminal adipotide research in obese primates and rodents has reported adipotide’s ability to reverse high-fat diet-induced obesity through this targeted induction of apoptosis mechanism [1].

In May 2012, researchers started a Phase I dose-finding trial of adipotide in patients with metastatic prostate cancer and obesity, all for whom standard treatment options were not an option. That trial was discontinued in January 2019 for unspecified reasons, with no reports of clinical development thereafter [2].

Adipotide is available online as a research chemical and may be legally purchased by licensed researchers and laboratory professionals for laboratory experimentation only.


Adipotide Dosage Calculator


Adipotide Benefits

The global obesity pandemic is in full swing, with worldwide prevalence having tripled since 1975. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 2022 that 60% of Europeans are either overweight or obese [3].

Adipotide is seen as a promising weight loss agent to help combat this pandemic. It is a vascular-targeted drug that has shown rapid weight loss in animals through its triggering of the apoptosis of adipose endothelial cells [4].

Research into the benefits of adipotide is still in its infancy, and as stated above, clinical development of the drug has been discontinued for unspecified reasons. Nevertheless, here is a summary of what we do know about adipotide so far:

  • Kolonin et al. (2004) demonstrated that adipotide interacts with prohibitin 1 in the adipose vasculature of mice to trigger the ablation of white fat. The researchers observed a ~30% weight reduction in the rodent subjects over a four-week period following adipotide administration [5].
  • Kim et al. (2010) investigated the effects of adipotide in high fat diet-induced obese rodents over a period of 27 days, reporting that the peptide completely reversed the obesity and reduced the body weight of the rodents. The team found that the fat loss occurred due to the rodent’s reduced food intake, suggesting that adipotide targets excessive adipose tissue caused by the consumption of a high fat diet [6].
  • Barnhart et al. (2011) oversaw a series of adipotide studies involving three types of Old World monkeys, confirming, inter alia, that the peptide can be used to decrease white adipose tissue via targeted apoptosis within the blood vessels of that tissue. The researchers observed body weight decreases of up to 38.7% in obese, adipotide-treated primates, putting forth adipotide as a candidate drug for the treatment of obesity in human patients [1].
  • Staquicini et al. (2011) identified adipotide as a potential advanced cancer therapy due to its ability to target prohibitin, which is linked to certain types of cancer. Because cancer cells require significant blood supply to grow and metastasize, adipotide’s targeting of prohibitin in those cells without harming surrounding tissue makes it a candidate for further research in this field [7].
  • Kim et al. (2012) posited that chronic white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation may play a role in causing obesity, and that macrophage recruitment in WAT increases insulin resistance. The team treated high fat diet-induced obese mice with adipotide, demonstrating that the peptide rapidly and potently improved glucose tolerance in the subjects. This supported the researchers’ hypothesis that adipotide administration reverses impaired glucose regulation as a result of impaired WAT function [8].

Adipotide Side Effects

Due to the limited amount of adipotide research conducted to date, researchers have not been able to definitively pronounce on the peptide’s side effects and safety profile.

As of this date, the Barnhart et al. (2011) research involving three species of Old World primates (rhesus monkeys, baboons, and crab-eating macaques) appears to be the best starting point for researchers looking for information on adipotide side effects. Notably, primates who were treated at an adipotide dose of 0.43mg/kg daily for four weeks [1]:

  • exhibited normal levels of activity without any overt clinical signs of nausea, vomiting, or food aversion;
  • showed normal lipid profiles that did not vary throughout the study;
  • registered higher levels of serum creatinine from adipotide doses of 0.25mg/kg; and,
  • had increased urine, with mild dehydration being reported at the highest adipotide dose levels.

Most changes in the primates’ serum and urine were reversed within 28 days following discontinuation of treatment [1].

More importantly, toxicology studies in the treated monkeys revealed that the most prominent adverse effects of adipotide were kidney lesions and altered tubular function, albeit with the researchers observing that these were “relatively mild, predictable, and reversible” [1].

While researchers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center commenced a dose-finding and safety study into adipotide in 2012, the human trial was discontinued for unspecified reasons and no safety data was made publicly available [2].


Adipotide Dosage Calculator


Adipotide Dosage Calculator and Guide

The scarcity of adipotide research has also prevented experts from determining standardized, safe, and effective adipotide dosage guidelines. However, here is what we can glean from the limited research available:

  • While the daily dose of 0.43mg/kg daily was well tolerated in primates in the Barnhart et al. (2011) studies, it is important to note that dosage in primates does not scale to humans [1].
  • In the discontinued dose-finding trial undertaken at the Anderson Cancer Center, the investigators established a starting dose of 0.03mg/kg, injected subcutaneously once daily for 28 days. It is important to note that this trial involved obese patients with advanced prostate cancer, and the objective of the trial was to determine the highest tolerable dose of adipotide in said group [2].
  • Bearing this information in mind, experts advise an adipotide dose that does not exceed 0.01mg/kg, injected daily subcutaneously for 28 days.

Since research on adipotide is pending, researchers are well-advised to stay up to date on latest developments for more information.

Now, we will look at where to safely and securely buy adipotide online for your research.


Where to Buy Adipotide Online? | 2023 Edition

In our experience, there is no retailer better than Peptide Sciences for the online purchase of research peptides, including adipotide.

This celebrated company is based in the USA and domestically manufactures top-tier products via rigorous quality control measures at all phases of production. Let’s explore in detail why Peptide Sciences is the go-to vendor of the global research community.

Quality is guaranteed and fully verified

To bolster its claim of 99% purity on all peptides, the vendor provides third-party lab reports on all products detailing industry-standard HPLC and MS analysis. Certificates of analysis are valid and accessible to clients. The informative website also has a wealth of information on production practices, enacted within the USA according to stringent WHO and Good Manufacturing Practice mandates. Manufacturing and shipping partners meet the highest standards.

Its impressive catalog boasts not only quality but great quantity with a wide selection of peptides offered in multiple forms, including lyophilized powders for injection, capsules, and topicals.

Competitive pricing

The vendor’s domestic manufacturing practices enable it to offer top-quality products at reasonable prices. It also provides price breaks on bulk orders.

Quick and low-cost international shipping

Shipping rates are also competitive with services offered to many international locations. Domestic orders over $200 are shipped free of charge. Orders within the USA typically arrive quickly within 3 business days, while international shipments are usually received in about 7-10 days.

Smooth checkout and data protection

Checkout is rapid and easy on the user-friendly website that features the latest SSL-encryption technology for client data protection. Payment methods are clearly delineated, and a wide range is accepted, such as third-party processors, crypto, and credit cards.

Customer service is unmatched

Peptide Sciences is committed to client satisfaction, and it shows in its customer service practices. The helpful staff offers rapid responses to client questions, and mistaken orders are readily replaced. Plus, the website is easily navigable and offers exceptionally informative content citing the latest peer-reviewed studies.

For an unquestionably satisfying peptide purchase, check out our favorite source.

Buy Adipotide from our #1 recommended vendor...


Adipotide Dosing | Verdict

Adipotide has been shown to accelerate fat loss in animals by specifically targeting and eliminating fat cells. In addition, adipotide has been used to improve glucose tolerance in animal studies, opening the door to its potential use as a treatment of metabolic disorders.

Safety and dosage data in humans is not available for adipotide as of this writing. Accordingly, researchers are advised to proceed with extreme care when investigating this peptide.

This includes both sourcing the peptide from a reputable vendor, and following best practices when reconstituting the peptide for injection.

If you’re a licensed researcher looking to obtain pharmaceutical-grade adipotide, we recommend buying only from trusted vendor Peptide Sciences.


References

  1.  Barnhart KF, Christianson DR, Hanley PW, et al. A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(108):108ra112. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002621
  2. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). (2010, December – 2019, January). A First-in-Man, Phase I Evaluation of A Single Cycle of Prohibitin Targeting Peptide 1 in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer and Obesity. Identifier NCT01262664. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01262664
  3. Boutari C, Mantzoros CS. A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on. Metabolism. 2022 Aug;133:155217. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155217. Epub 2022 May 15. PMID: 35584732; PMCID: PMC9107388.
  4. Fang Y, Kaszuba T, Imoukhuede PI. Systems Biology Will Direct Vascular-Targeted Therapy for Obesity. Front Physiol. 2020 Jul 15;11:831. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00831. PMID: 32760294; PMCID: PMC7373796.
  5. Kolonin MG, Saha PK, Chan L, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue. Nat Med. 2004;10(6):625-632. doi:10.1038/nm1048
  6. Kim DH, Woods SC, Seeley RJ. Peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium reduces food intake and body weight. Diabetes. 2010 Apr;59(4):907-15. doi: 10.2337/db09-1141. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PMID: 20103704; PMCID: PMC2844838.
  7. Staquicini FI, Cardó-Vila M, Kolonin MG, Trepel M, Edwards JK, Nunes DN, Sergeeva A, Efstathiou E, Sun J, Almeida NF, Tu SM, Botz GH, Wallace MJ, O'Connell DJ, Krajewski S, Gershenwald JE, Molldrem JJ, Flamm AL, Koivunen E, Pentz RD, Dias-Neto E, Setubal JC, Cahill DJ, Troncoso P, Do KA, Logothetis CJ, Sidman RL, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Vascular ligand-receptor mapping by direct combinatorial selection in cancer patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 15;108(46):18637-42. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1114503108. Epub 2011 Nov 2. PMID: 22049339; PMCID: PMC3219136.
  8. Kim DH, Sartor MA, Bain JR, et al. Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium. Diabetes. 2012;61(9):2299-2310. doi:10.2337/db11-1579

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