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Liraglutide is a peptide-based medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic weight issues. It is a GLP-1 receptor agonist and works by stimulating insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon secretion, reducing appetite, and slowing gastric emptying.

 

Liraglutide has shown promising results in clinical trials for treating other conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its potential for use in these conditions is still being researched.

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    What is Liraglutide?

    Liraglutide is a medication that is classified as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It was developed in the early 1990s by the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, who were looking for a long-acting yet therapeutically effective treatment of type 2 diabetes [1].

    It is now approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, as multiple randomized clinical trials have shown that liraglutide is safe and effective in reducing blood glucose levels, promoting weight loss, and lowering cardiovascular risk [2].

    Liraglutide works by mimicking the action of GLP-1. This naturally occurring hormone is produced in the gut in response to food intake, and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar and hunger levels [3]. It is an incretin, which means it enhances the body's insulin response to food.

    The peptide shares a 97% homology with the structure of the active form of the GLP-1 hormone, which allows liraglutide to bind and activate the GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas, brain, and other organs [4].

    As a result, the peptide can stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon secretion, slow gastric emptying, and reduce appetite. This lowers blood glucose levels, increases satiety, and reduces food intake.

    In addition to its FDA-approved indications, liraglutide is studied for its potential use in other conditions. Examples include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [5, 6, 7, 8].

    Liraglutide Legal Status

    According to its current regulatory status, liraglutide is a prescription-only medication that is FDA-approved for the management of type 2 diabetes and chronic weight issues in individuals aged 12 and above.

    The FDA first approved liraglutide under brand name Victoza in January 2010, as a therapy in type 2 diabetes. In August 2017, Victoza also received approval for reducing the cardiovascular risk amongst type 2 diabetes patients [9, 10].

    In December 2014, the FDA approved a higher dose of liraglutide (3.0mg) under the brand name Saxenda for weight management [11].

    More specifically, it is intended for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 (obese) or those with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater (overweight) who have at least one weight-related comorbidity such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia.

    In December 2020, the FDA also approved Saxenda for weight management in adolescents aged 12-17 who are obese or weigh more than 60 kg (132 pounds) [12].

    Liraglutide is also subject to post-marketing surveillance by the FDA as doctors and scientists continue to monitor its safety and efficacy.

    In addition to its approved indications as a prescription-only medication, qualified researchers may also buy liraglutide online for conducting experiments in laboratory settings.

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    Liraglutide Benefits and Uses

    In this section, our research team covers some of the potential benefits and uses of liraglutide peptide therapy.

    Liraglutide for Weight Loss

    Although liraglutide has been FDA-approved for managing overweight and obesity since 2014, researchers continue to explore its safety and effectiveness in weight loss interventions [11].

    As of publication, one of the latest meta-analyses on the topic was published in 2022 and pooled data from all available randomized control trials (RCTs) on liraglutide on obesity regardless of duration [13].

    The researchers analyzed 14 RCTs to evaluate the safety and efficacy of liraglutide 3.0mg dose in overweight and obese patients above 18 years of age taken for 20-56 weeks.

    The scientists reported that, on average, liraglutide leads to an almost 5kg (~11lb) greater weight loss compared to placebo. The peptide also effectively reduced waist circumference and BMI in diabetic and non-diabetic research volunteers.

    Further, another 2022 meta-analysis reported that liraglutide significantly reduces visceral and liver fat, in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients [14]. The accumulation of liver fat is the main pathogenic mechanism of NAFLD.

    On the other hand, high visceral fat is considered the most dangerous type of excessive adiposity, and visceral obesity is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers [15].

    According to the meta-analysis, at least 16 weeks of therapy and a minimum of 1.8mg per day of liraglutide were the decisive factors for reducing visceral fat [14].

    Liraglutide for Type 2 Diabetes and Complications

    As mentioned earlier, liraglutide is FDA-approved as an effective therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Researchers should note the systematic review by Ostawal et al. published in Diabetes Therapy (2016), confirming the clinical effectiveness of liraglutide for treating T2D mellitus by summarizing data from 43 randomized trials [9, 16].

    The review's findings indicated that liraglutide treatment significantly decreases glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, with a reduction of 0.9%-2.2% within six months of treatment initiation [16].

    Further, in the majority of studies, liraglutide therapy was reported as generally well-tolerated, with a low incidence of hypoglycemia, and benefits of treatment sustained for a minimum of 12 months. Moreover, the peptide has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes complications such as heart disease and stroke [16].

    In the LEADER trial (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results), researchers found that liraglutide reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients, including heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death, by 13% compared to placebo. Liraglutide also reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 15% and, most notably, the risk of fatal myocardial infarction by 40% [17].

    Liraglutide for PCOS

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a relatively common condition in women who are overweight or obese and have various degrees of insulin resistance, which is considered a pathogenic factor for the disease.

    A recent meta-analysis reviewed six controlled trials involving 401 obese women with PCOS who were given liraglutide alone or as an add-on therapy to other medications used for managing the condition, such as metformin.

    According to the authors, liraglutide taken as a monotherapy or as an add-on could significantly improve insulin resistance compared to controls. This, in turn, may improve fertility and reduce symptoms.

    There was also a greater reduction in waist circumference (-6.28 cm), BMI (-2.53 kg/m2), and weight (-4.33 kg) than in controls when liraglutide was added alongside other medication or taken alone [18].

    Another meta-analysis included three trials that compared liraglutide to metformin and four more that compared a combination of liraglutide and metformin to metformin alone as a control.

    The researchers reported that liraglutide alone had similar effectiveness to metformin alone for managing PCOS symptoms.

    Furthermore, the combination treatment of liraglutide and metformin was more effective than metformin alone in reducing body weight, waist circumference, and several parameters of insulin resistance [19].

    Liraglutide for Psoriasis

    There is growing evidence that liraglutide may help reduce symptoms of plaque psoriasis, specifically in patients who also suffer from type 2 diabetes.

    One of the latest systematic reviews on the topic covered a total of 4 trials and reported significant improvement in the condition, assessed according to a 72-point scale called Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). The scientists reported that the treatment reduced the average PASI score by one to seven points [20].

    Nevertheless, more research is needed to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on this common skin condition.

    Liraglutide for Neurodegenerative Diseases

    Apart from reducing hunger, activating the GLP-1 receptors in the brain may also have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on the central nervous system.

    For example, one of the most notable trials on the subject is the ELAD trial, which stands for “Evaluating Liraglutide in Alzheimer's Disease.” This 12-month RCT reported that liraglutide improves cognitive function and MRI volume in the temporal lobe and whole cortex, suggesting a potential benefit in treating Alzheimer's [21].

    Animal experiments also suggest that liraglutide has a neuroprotective effect in murine models of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is accomplished by activating PGC-1α to regulate mitochondria biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, and apoptosis in substantia nigra—the region in the brain that gets damaged by PD [22].

    Despite the promising results, more research is needed to evaluate the potential benefits of liraglutide in neurodegenerative disease settings.

    Liraglutide Side Effects and Safety

    According to the available clinical research, liraglutide is well tolerated among patients when taken for type 2 diabetes or chronic weight management [23]. It is essential to follow a proper dosing protocol and all standard safety precautions to minimize the risk of side effects.

    The following side effects have been reported in subjects taking 3mg liraglutide for weight loss [24]:

    • Nausea (39.3%)
    • Diarrhea (20.9%)
    • Constipation (19.4%)
    • Vomiting (15.7%)
    • Headache (up to 13.6%)
    • Increases in mean resting heart rate (over 10%)

    Less common side effects that occur in less than 10% of patients are:

    • Dyspepsia
    • Abdominal pain
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Eructation
    • Flatulence
    • Dry mouth
    • Elevated pancreatic enzymes
    • Constipation
    • Gastritis
    • Abdominal discomfort
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Dizziness
    • Hypotension
    • Injection site reactions (pain, bleeding, redness, swelling, or itching)

    Rare but serious side effects include pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, cholestasis, and allergic reactions. Their signs may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or neck, severe pain, vomiting, fever, and yellowing of the skin or eyes [25].

    Animal research has suggested that liraglutide may also increase the risk of certain malignancies, such as thyroid cancer, but clinical studies are less definitive and continue to investigate whether these effects may also occur in humans [26].

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    Dosing Liraglutide

    The exact dose of liraglutide that may be used in laboratory settings depends on a wide variety of factors, including the research objective.

    Currently, the scientific data on liraglutide dosing stems from clinical trials of Victoza and Saxenda, which have studied the peptide regarding its effects on conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

    In these trials, liraglutide is administered subcutaneously and is typically administered once daily, with dosages ranging from 0.6mg to 1.8mg for type 2 diabetes and 3.0mg for overweight or obesity [16, 27].

    For reference, here is a sample liraglutide dosing protocol for weight loss based on existing research and guidelines [28, 29]:

    • Liraglutide Dose: Start with a dose of 0.6mg/day in week one, before increasing the dose to 1.2mg/day in week two, 1.8mg/day in week three, 2.4mg/day in week four, and 3.0mg/day in weeks five and beyond.
    • Frequency: Administer liraglutide as a subcutaneous injection at the same time every day.
    • Study Duration: 20-64 weeks.
    • Notes: Researchers are advised to adhere to the recommendations and not exceed the daily liraglutide dose of 3mg.

    Where to Buy Liraglutide Online? | 2024 Edition

    Licensed researchers and laboratory professionals may buy liraglutide online for research in laboratory settings.

    Researchers should only purchase liraglutide from reputable vendors who explicitly state that their products are intended for research purposes only.

    Buying liraglutide from online vendors who do not make this representation is risky, as their products may not meet quality standards or may be intended for illicit use.

    Further, researchers should always ensure that they comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding the purchase, use, and disposal of liraglutide and other research materials.

    When purchasing liraglutide for research purposes, we recommend the following vendor:

    PureRawz

    We have ordered extensively from PureRawz and trust them for the following reasons:

    • High-Purity Liraglutide: PureRawz guarantees a minimum purity of 99% for all liraglutide batches. Their peptides are subject to rigorous third-party testing by an independent laboratory to ensure that contents are accurate and that purity is as advertised.
    • Clean Peptides: PureRawz sources all of their research chemicals from industry-accredited partners, providing researchers with added peace of mind that their materials are genuine and safe to use in experiments.
    • Competitive Pricing: Currently, liraglutide 3mg vials are available for purchase at a competitive price of just under $52 each, and researchers can take advantage of a small discount when purchasing 10 vial liraglutide kits.
    • Free Shipping: PureRawz offers free shipping on orders over $100, making it easy and cost-effective for researchers to receive their liraglutide. Their service team is also readily available to address any concerns or issues that may arise.
    • Secure Shopping: PureRawz uses SSL technology to ensure secure and confidential online transactions. Researchers can rest assured that their personal information and payment details are safe when making a purchase from this vendor.

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    How Much Does Liraglutide Cost?

    PureRawz sells liraglutide for research purposes at affordable prices.

    This vendor sells liraglutide 3mg for $51.48.

    They also sell a 30mg kit of liraglutide which can be purchased for $530.48.

    Based on the above-referenced liraglutide for weight loss protocol, here is the total dose per week and the respective weekly cost per test subject:

    • Week 1: 4.2mg
    • Week 2: 8.4mg
    • Week 3: 12.6mg
    • Week 4: 16.8mg
    • Weeks 5 and beyond: 21mg

    Assuming that researchers follow this protocol, then they will need 14 vials per test subject to complete the first 4 weeks and then 7 more vials per week for week 5 onwards.

    Considering the protocol, the first batch of 10 vials of liraglutide 3mg would last a maximum of three weeks and two days per test subject.

    FAQ

    Liraglutide vs. Semaglutide

    Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegowy) is another GLP-1 receptor agonist that has a similar mechanism of action as liraglutide, and the FDA also approves it for the same indications.

    The main differences between the two peptides are the following:

    • Development and Approval: Semaglutide was developed later (2010) than liraglutide, and it also received FDA approval much more recently for type 2 diabetes treatment (2017), cardiovascular risk reduction in diabetes (2021) and overweight and obesity management in adults (2021) and adolescents (2023).
    • Modifications: Semaglutide has additional modifications (94% homology with GLP-1), which increase its half-life up to 6-8 days, and it can be injected weekly rather than daily.
    • Effectiveness and Side Effects: Semaglutide appears to result in greater weight loss compared to liraglutide, but it is also associated with more frequent side effects.
    • Dosage and Titration: Semaglutide dosage for weight loss involves increasing the dose over 5 months until achieving the maximum of 2.4mg per week as opposed to reaching the maximum dose with five weeks of liraglutide therapy.

    Liraglutide vs. Tirzepatide

    Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is another peptide that is approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes and works by stimulating insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, and reducing appetite.

    The main differences between the two peptides are as follows:

    • Mechanism of Action: Tirzepatide has an affinity to the receptors of another incretin hormone called Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) and also has some affinity to the GLP-1 receptors. It is therefore a dual incretin analog, unlike liraglutide.
    • Development and Approval: As of early 2023, tirzepatide is approved only for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The FDA has granted it Fast Track designation for reviewing and potentially approving it as a weight loss medication for people without diabetes.
    • Effectiveness and Side Effects: Tirzepatide is a dual receptor agonist, which is why it is a potentially more potent treatment, but its use may also be associated with more side effects compared to liraglutide.
    • Dosage and Titration: Tirzepatide has a half-life of 5 days, which is why it is applied only once a week, with a starting dose of 2.5mg per week in T2D patients. The dosage can be increased by another 2.5mg every 4 weeks to a maximum weekly dose of 15mg.

    Liraglutide vs. Dulaglutide

    Dulaglutide (Trulicity) is also a GLP-1 agonist, and it has a similar mechanism of action to liraglutide.

    The main differences between the two peptides are as follows:

    Development and Approval: Dulaglutide was discovered in the 2000s and was first approved for type 2 diabetes in 2014. It was later approved for cardiovascular risk reduction in diabetic patients. The FDA has not yet approved dulaglutide as a weight loss medication.

    Modifications: Dulaglutide consists of 2 disulfide-linked chains, and each is about 90% homologous to GLP-1. These modifications extend its half-life up to 5 days, so it can be applied only once a week.

    Effectiveness and Side Effects: Dulaglutide appears to be slightly more effective than liraglutide in improving glycemic control, but both peptides have similar safety profiles and risks.

    Dosage and Titration: The starting dosage of dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes is 0.75mg per week. The dosing protocol involves increasing the dose every 4 weeks over the course of 4 months until achieving a maximum weekly dose of 4.5mg.

    Bacteriostatic Water and Liraglutide

    When conducting research with peptides like liraglutide, having a properly equipped lab is essential for a safe and effective handling of these substances.

    To ensure accurate administration, preparation, and storage, researchers must have the necessary tools, including insulin syringes, bacteriostatic water, and sterile vials, among others.

    However, finding quality supplies from various retailers can be time-consuming and frustrating.

    While time consuming, it is required. Here is what researchers may need in the lab:

    • Bacteriostatic Water
    • Insulin Syringes
    • Alcohol Prep Pads
    • Sterile Empty Glass Vials
    • Large Needles + Syringes

    Liraglutide For Sale | Verdict

    Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that works to improve glycemic control, decrease appetite, and promote weight loss.

    It is currently approved for type 2 diabetes control as well as reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in T2D patients. The FDA has also approved it for overweight and obesity in both adults and adolescents.

    Researchers are currently investigating the potential of liraglutide in the management of PCOS, NAFLD, psoriasis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other chronic debilitating diseases.

    Overall, liraglutide has a good safety profile and is generally well-tolerated, making it a suitable option for a range of clinical applications.

    For licensed researchers interested in investigating liraglutide,  PureRawz is a reliable source for obtaining liraglutide and other research peptides.

    References

    1. Knudsen, L. B., & Lau, J. (2019). The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10, 155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00155
    2. Tilinca, M. C., Tiuca, R. A., Burlacu, A., & Varga, A. (2021). A 2021 Update on the Use of Liraglutide in the Modern Treatment of 'Diabesity': A Narrative Review. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 57(7), 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070669
    3. Müller, T. D., Finan, B., Bloom, S. R., D'Alessio, D., Drucker, D. J., Flatt, P. R., Fritsche, A., Gribble, F., Grill, H. J., Habener, J. F., Holst, J. J., Langhans, W., Meier, J. J., Nauck, M. A., Perez-Tilve, D., Pocai, A., Reimann, F., Sandoval, D. A., Schwartz, T. W., Seeley, R. J., … Tschöp, M. H. (2019). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Molecular metabolism, 30, 72–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010
    4. Cheng, K. C., Li, Y. X., Shieh, P. C., Cheng, J. T., & Hsu, C. C. (2020). Liraglutide Activates Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor to Attenuate Hyperglycemia through Endogenous Beta-Endorphin in Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 13(11), 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13110407
    5. Vargas-Soria, M., Carranza-Naval, M. J., Del Marco, A., & Garcia-Alloza, M. (2021). Role of liraglutide in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Alzheimer's research & therapy, 13(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-021-00853-0
    6. Rasmussen, C. B., & Lindenberg, S. (2014). The effect of liraglutide on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational study. Frontiers in endocrinology, 5, 140. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00140
    7. Guss, D. A., & Mohanty, S. R. (2016). Liraglutide's use in treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver: an evaluation of the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis study. Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition, 5(6), 515–518. https://doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2016.11.09
    8. Cao, B., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Wu, P., Dong, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022). Neuroprotective effects of liraglutide against inflammation through the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metabolic brain disease, 37(2), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00879-1
    9. Iepsen, E. W., Torekov, S. S., & Holst, J. J. (2015). Liraglutide for Type 2 diabetes and obesity: a 2015 update. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 13(7), 753–767. https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2015.1054810
    10. Honigberg, M. C., Chang, L. S., McGuire, D. K., Plutzky, J., Aroda, V. R., & Vaduganathan, M. (2020). Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. JAMA cardiology, 5(10), 1182–1190. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1966
    11. Albaker, W., Al Sheikh, M., Albakr, A., Alkhafaji, D., Al Besher, E., & Al-Hariri, M. (2021). The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Obese Non-Diabetic Saudi Outpatients. International journal of general medicine, 14, 8643–8650. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S336904
    12. Diene, G., Angulo, M., Hale, P. M., Jepsen, C. H., Hofman, P. L., Hokken-Koelega, A., Ramesh, C., Turan, S., & Tauber, M. (2022). Liraglutide for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents With Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 108(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac549
    13. Konwar, M., Bose, D., Jaiswal, S. K., Maurya, M. K., & Ravi, R. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Patients with Overweight and Obese with or without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of clinical practice, 2022, 1201977. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1201977
    14. He, F., Chen, W., Xu, W., Liu, D., Xiao, Z., Tang, Y., Lin, Z., Liao, Y., Bin, J., Chen, G., & Chen, Y. (2023). Safety and efficacy of liraglutide on reducing visceral and ectopic fat in adults with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 25(3), 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14908
    15. Aparecida Silveira, E., Vaseghi, G., de Carvalho Santos, A. S., Kliemann, N., Masoudkabir, F., Noll, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., & de Oliveira, C. (2020). Visceral Obesity and Its Shared Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatments. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(23), 9042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239042
    16. Ostawal, A., Mocevic, E., Kragh, N., & Xu, W. (2016). Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment in the Real-World Setting: A Systematic Literature Review. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 7(3), 411–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-016-0180-0
    17. Kalra S. (2016). Follow the LEADER-Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results Trial. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 7(4), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-016-0197-4
    18. Tian, D., Chen, W., Xu, Q., Li, X., & Lv, Q. (2022). Liraglutide monotherapy and add on therapy on obese women with polycystic ovarian syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva medica, 113(3), 542–550. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.21.07085-3
    19. Ge, J. J., Wang, D. J., Song, W., Shen, S. M., & Ge, W. H. (2022). The effectiveness and safety of liraglutide in treating overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 45(2), 261–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01666-
    20. Chang, G., Chen, B., & Zhang, L. (2022). Efficacy of GLP-1rA, liraglutide, in plaque psoriasis treatment with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort and before-after studies. The Journal of dermatological treatment, 33(3), 1299–1305. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2021.1882658
    21. Edison, P., Femminella, G. D., Ritchie, C. W., Holmes, C., Walker, Z., Ridha, B. H., ... & Ballard, C. (2021). Evaluation of liraglutide in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 17, e057848.
    22. Wu, P., Dong, Y., Chen, J., Guan, T., Cao, B., Zhang, Y., Qi, Y., Guan, Z., & Wang, Y. (2022). Liraglutide Regulates Mitochondrial Quality Control System Through PGC-1α in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotoxicity research, 40(1), 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00460-9
    23. Seo Y. G. (2021). Side Effects Associated with Liraglutide Treatment for Obesity as Well as Diabetes. Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome, 30(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes20059
    24. Drugs.com (2023). Liraglutide Side Effects. https://www.drugs.com/sfx/liraglutide-side-effects.html
    25. Jensen, T. M., Saha, K., & Steinberg, W. M. (2015). Is there a link between liraglutide and pancreatitis? A post hoc review of pooled and patient-level data from completed liraglutide type 2 diabetes clinical trials. Diabetes care, 38(6), 1058–1066. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1210
    26. Funch, D., Mortimer, K., Ziyadeh, N. J., D Seeger, J., Zhou, L., Ng, E., Ross, D., Major-Pedersen, A., Bosch-Traberg, H., Gydesen, H., & Dore, D. D. (2021). Risk of Thyroid Cancer Associated with Use of Liraglutide and Other Antidiabetic Drugs in a US Commercially Insured Population. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 14, 2619–2629. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S305496
    27. Tilinca, M. C., Tiuca, R. A., Burlacu, A., & Varga, A. (2021). A 2021 Update on the Use of Liraglutide in the Modern Treatment of 'Diabesity': A Narrative Review. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 57(7), 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070669
    28. Mehta, A., Marso, S. P., & Neeland, I. J. (2017). Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence. Obesity science & practice, 3(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.84
    29. Trenson, L., Trenson, S., van Nes, F., Moyson, C., Lannoo, M., Deleus, E., Meulemans, A., Matthys, C., Mertens, A., Van der Schueren, B., & Vangoitsenhoven, R. (2022). Liraglutide for Weight Management in the Real World: Significant Weight Loss Even if the Maximal Daily Dose Is Not Achieved. Obesity facts, 15(1), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1159/000520217

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